How to Call a Python Script from a Makefile

If you're working with Python projects, automating repetitive tasks using a Makefile can save time and improve consistency. A Makefile allows you to define commands (like running scripts, cleaning directories, or installing dependencies) in a structured way. In this guide, we'll explore how to call a Python script from a Makefile efficiently.

Why Use a Makefile with Python?

A Makefile helps streamline workflows by:

Automating repetitive tasks (e.g., running tests, formatting code).
Providing a single entry point for common project commands.
Ensuring consistency across different environments.

Prerequisites

Before proceeding, ensure you have:

Python installed (preferably Python 3.6+).
Basic familiarity with the command line.
A Makefile in your project directory (or create one).

Basic Syntax for Calling a Python Script

To execute a Python script from a Makefile, use the python command followed by the script name. Here's a simple example:

run:
    python script.py

To run this, execute make run in your terminal.

Passing Arguments to the Script

If your Python script accepts arguments, pass them like this:

run-with-args:
    python script.py --input data.csv --output results.json

Using Virtual Environments

For better dependency management, activate a virtual environment before running the script:

run-with-venv:
    source venv/bin/activate && python script.py

Replace venv/bin/activate with the path to your virtual environment.

Advanced Example: Running Multiple Commands

You can chain multiple commands in a single Makefile rule:

setup-and-run:
    pip install -r requirements.txt
    python script.py

This ensures dependencies are installed before running the script.

Best Practices

Use .PHONY to mark non-file targets (e.g., clean).
Document your Makefile with comments for clarity.
Ensure Python scripts are executable (add #!/usr/bin/env python at the top).

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