How to Convert CSV to Excel in Python Using Pandas

Working with data often involves switching between different file formats. One common task is converting CSV (Comma-Separated Values) files to Excel (XLSX) format for better readability and additional features. In this guide, we'll explore how to do this efficiently using Pandas, the most popular Python library for data manipulation.

Why Use Pandas for CSV to Excel Conversion?

Pandas is a powerful and widely used Python library for data analysis. It provides simple and efficient methods to read, process, and export data in various formats, including CSV and Excel. Here’s why Pandas is ideal for this task:

Easy to use: Minimal code required for conversion.
Supports large datasets: Handles big files efficiently.
Customisable: Allows formatting, sheet naming, and more.

Step-by-Step Guide to Convert CSV to Excel

Step 1: Install Pandas and Required Dependencies

Before starting, ensure you have Pandas and the openpyxl library installed. Openpyxl is required for writing Excel files.

pip install pandas openpyxl

Step 2: Read the CSV File

Use Pandas' read_csv() function to load the CSV file into a DataFrame.

import pandas as pd

# Read the CSV file
df = pd.read_csv('input_file.csv')

Step 3: Export DataFrame to Excel

Use the to_excel() method to save the DataFrame as an Excel file.

# Save as Excel file
df.to_excel('output_file.xlsx', index=False, engine='openpyxl')

Key Parameters:

index=False prevents Pandas from writing row indices.
engine='openpyxl' ensures compatibility with XLSX format.

Advanced Customisations

1. Multiple Sheets in One Excel File

You can split data into multiple sheets within the same Excel file.

with pd.ExcelWriter('multi_sheet_output.xlsx', engine='openpyxl') as writer:
    df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sheet1', index=False)
    df2.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sheet2', index=False)

2. Formatting Excel Output

Use ExcelWriter to apply formatting, such as column widths or styles.

with pd.ExcelWriter('formatted_output.xlsx', engine='openpyxl') as writer:
    df.to_excel(writer, index=False)
    worksheet = writer.sheets['Sheet1']
    worksheet.column_dimensions['A'].width = 20  # Set column width

Common Errors and Fixes

ModuleNotFoundError: Ensure openpyxl is installed.
File Not Found: Double-check the CSV file path.
Encoding Issues: Specify encoding in read_csv() (e.g., encoding='utf-8').

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