How to Convert RTF to DOC Using Python?

If you work with documents, you might often need to convert files from one format to another. RTF (Rich Text Format) and DOC (Microsoft Word Document) are two common formats, and converting between them can be essential for compatibility. In this guide, we’ll explore how to convert RTF to DOC using Python, one of the most versatile programming languages.

Why Convert RTF to DOC?

RTF is a lightweight format that preserves basic formatting, but DOC files offer more advanced features like macros, embedded objects, and better compatibility with Microsoft Word. Converting RTF to DOC ensures better formatting retention and broader usability.

Prerequisites

Before we begin, ensure you have the following:

Python installed (version 3.6 or higher recommended)
pip (Python package installer)
python-docx library (for DOC file handling)
pyth (for RTF parsing)

Install the required libraries using pip:

pip install python-docx pyth

Step-by-Step Conversion Process

Step 1: Read the RTF File

First, we need to read the RTF file. The pyth library helps parse RTF content.

from pyth.plugins.rtf15.reader import Rtf15Reader

def read_rtf(file_path):
    with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
        doc = Rtf15Reader.read(file)
    return doc

Step 2: Extract Text and Formatting

Next, extract the text and basic formatting (like bold, italics) from the RTF file.

def extract_content(doc):
    content = []
    for paragraph in doc.content:
        text = ""
        for chunk in paragraph.content:
            if hasattr(chunk, 'content'):
                text += chunk.content
        content.append(text)
    return content

Step 3: Create a DOC File

Now, use the python-docx library to create a new Word document and populate it with the extracted content.

from docx import Document

def create_doc(content, output_path):
    doc = Document()
    for paragraph in content:
        doc.add_paragraph(paragraph)
    doc.save(output_path)

Step 4: Combine Everything

Finally, combine all the steps into a single function for seamless conversion.

def convert_rtf_to_doc(rtf_path, doc_path):
    rtf_doc = read_rtf(rtf_path)
    content = extract_content(rtf_doc)
    create_doc(content, doc_path)
    print(f"Successfully converted {rtf_path} to {doc_path}")

Testing the Conversion

To test the script, save an RTF file (e.g., sample.rtf) and run:

convert_rtf_to_doc("sample.rtf", "output.docx")

You should now have a output.docx file with the converted content.

Limitations and Alternatives

While this method works for basic RTF files, complex formatting (tables, images) may not convert perfectly. For advanced conversions, consider using:

LibreOffice in headless mode (for high-fidelity conversion)
Cloud-based APIs (like Google Docs or Microsoft Graph)

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