How to Convert RTF to PDF Using Python

Converting RTF (Rich Text Format) files to PDF is a common requirement for document processing, especially in business and academic workflows. Python, with its powerful libraries, makes this task straightforward. In this guide, we'll explore the most efficient way to convert RTF files to PDF using Python.

Why Convert RTF to PDF?

RTF files are widely used for text documents, but PDFs offer better compatibility, security, and formatting consistency across devices. Converting RTF to PDF ensures:

Preservation of document formatting.
Easier sharing and printing.
Protection against unauthorised edits.

Prerequisites

Before proceeding, ensure you have Python installed (preferably Python 3.8 or later). You'll also need the pypandoc library, which is a wrapper for pandoc, a universal document converter.

Install Required Libraries

First, install pypandoc and pandoc:

pip install pypandoc

You'll also need to install pandoc separately. Download it from the official website.

Step-by-Step Conversion Process

1. Import the Required Module

Use pypandoc to convert RTF to PDF:

import pypandoc

2. Convert RTF to PDF

Use the convert_file function to perform the conversion:

input_file = "document.rtf"
output_file = "document.pdf"

pypandoc.convert_file(input_file, 'pdf', outputfile=output_file)

This will generate a PDF file from the RTF input.

3. Verify the Output

Check the generated PDF to ensure the conversion was successful. If any errors occur, verify that pandoc is correctly installed.

Alternative Method: Using LibreOffice in Python

If pypandoc doesn't work for your use case, you can use LibreOffice's command-line tool via Python:

import subprocess

input_file = "document.rtf"
output_file = "document.pdf"

subprocess.run(["libreoffice", "--headless", "--convert-to", "pdf", input_file])

This method requires LibreOffice to be installed on your system.

Handling Batch Conversions

To convert multiple RTF files at once, loop through a directory:

import os
import pypandoc

input_dir = "rtf_files/"
output_dir = "pdf_files/"

for filename in os.listdir(input_dir):
    if filename.endswith(".rtf"):
        input_path = os.path.join(input_dir, filename)
        output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, filename.replace(".rtf", ".pdf"))
        pypandoc.convert_file(input_path, 'pdf', outputfile=output_path)

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